避免雾霾的支付意愿——来自西安除霾塔自然实验的证据

上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院陈杰教授作为通讯作者与西安建筑科技大学管理学院兰峰教授、美国工程院院士-明尼苏达大学裴有康(David Y. H. Pui)教授等近期共同合作在环境领域国际权威期刊Journal of Environmental Management 2020年5月号(第262卷)正式出版发表论文“Willingness to Pay for Staying Away from Haze: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Xi’an。该文合作者还有西安建筑科技大学硕士吕景增、香港城市大学公共政策系张晓玲教授、复旦大学公共卫生学院赵卓慧教授。该论文基于裴有康院士所独创的世界上第一台除霾塔2016年在西安试运行所带来的准自然实验的机会，更为精确地测度了中国城市居民对避免雾霾的支付意愿。研究通过构建双重差分模型检验净化组和对照组在除霾塔运行前后住房价格的净差异，同时采用双重差分倾向得分匹配法进行稳健性检验，精确度量了城市居民对雾霾改善的住房支付意愿。研究证明，除霾塔投入运营后带来周边房价净增长4%左右，推算可知空气质量改善可带来的经济效益巨大。该研究对正确引导居民购房消费、积极应对雾霾影响以及优化城市空间布局具有重要的现实价值。Journal of Environmental Management 是环境类SCI一区期刊，2019年影响因子5.647。

文献目录信息：

Lan, Feng, Jingzeng Lv, Jie Chen*, Xiaoling Zhang, Zhuohui Zhao, and David Y. H. Pui. 2020. “Willingness to Pay for Staying Away from Haze: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Xi’an.” Journal of Environmental Management 262:110301. Doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110301; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030147972030236X

摘要：以往关于居民对改善空气质量支付意愿（WTP）的研究可能会受到各种内生性偏差的影响。本文利用世界上第一座除霾塔（SFT）近期在中国西北城市西安进行准实验运行的独特机遇，通过分析SFT周边住宅的价格反应，对当地居民对减少雾霾暴露的支付意愿(WTP)进行了可靠的测度。研究设计基于DID（双重差分）设置情景下应用特征回归方法，并进一步辅助PSM（倾向得分匹配）方法、分位数回归和安慰剂试验。回归结果一致表明，住房价格对SFT运营的反应是正面的，影响效应的估计值在4%左右。研究还表明，高价房比廉价房对SFT运营的反应更大，表明改善空气质量带来的福利收益分配效应具有不均衡性。对SFT项目的成本效益分析表明，该项目的经济效益远远大于其生命周期成本。本文最后讨论了本文对环境治理的政策含义。

Abstract: Previous studies of the residents' willingness to pay (WTP) for air quality improvement are likely suffering various endogeneity biases. Exploiting the unique opportunity of a recent quasi-experiment operation of the world's first SFT (Smog Free Tower) in China's northwestern city Xi'an, this paper reliably calibrates local residents' WTP for less exposure to haze by analyzing the price responses of housings in the neighborhoods of SFT. The hedonic regression is applied in the DID (difference-in-difference) setting, with further assistances of the PSM (propensity score matching) method, quantile regression and placebo test. The regression results consistently suggest that housing price responded positively to the installment of the SFT, and the impact estimates are closely centered around 4%. The study also indicates high-priced housings response much more to the operation of the SFT than cheap-priced housings, suggesting uneven distribution of welfare gains of air quality improvement. A cost-benefit analysis of the SFT project indicates that the economic benefits of this project far outweigh the costs involved. The paper concludes with policy implications for environment governance.

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030147972030236X

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339539501_Willingness_to_pay_for_staying_away_from_haze_Evidence_from_a_quasi-natural_experiment_in_Xi'an