中国城市外来流动人口聚居与就业的关系：以上海为例

陈杰教授作为通讯作者与佐治亚州立大学公共政策学院刘阳教授、上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院李会平副教授共同合作在国际期刊Journal of Urban Affairs 2019年第2期正式发表论文Linking Migrant Enclave Residence to Employment in Urban China: The Case of Shanghai.该论文以上海为例，探讨了中国城市外来流动人口聚居情况与其就业结果的关联性。

文献信息：

Liu, Cathy Yang, Jie Chen*, and Huiping Li. 2019. “Linking Migrant Enclave Residence to Employment in Urban China: The Case of Shanghai.” Journal of Urban Affairs 41(2): 189–205.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07352166.2017.1413286.

概要：随着快速的经济结构调整、大规模的人口迁移以及以市场为导向的住房商品化，中国城市居民在居住空间和工作场所的隔离在日益加剧。本文使用第六次人口普查（2010年）的微观数据匹配上海的详细地理信息，记录了当地居民和移民的居住方式，并确定了农民工聚居的聚居地。结果表明，上海的农村外来移民与城市本地人和城市移民相比，具有更高的居住聚集水平，并且大量集中在城市的郊区。在研究邻里的居民人口构成与个体的就业结果如何发生联系时，文章发现农村移民的聚居程度与其就业结果有正向关联。这表明，这些农村移民聚居社区中所存在的强大的社会网络有助于他们获得更高的就业概率。这个发现与国际上一些研究移民聚居的劳动力市场效应文献的结果相似。但文章中还进一步发现，对农村移民这种就业上有积极影响的社会网络效应并不适用于城市间移民或城市本地人，然而对女性农村移民工人和居住在相对较低工作密度地区的农村移民作用最为明显。本文具有重要的政策含义，从就业和找工作角度而言，流动人口尤其农村流动人口的居住集聚不一定产生负面效应。对农村流动人口在大城市的聚居现象要因势利导，不能简单认定为有负面含义的空间隔离。在加强推动流动人口在城市的经济社会融合和推进其市民化进程的同时，也要允许甚至鼓励移民内部的社会网络的存在与发挥积极作用。

Abstract：With rapid economic restructuring, large-scale population migration, and market-oriented housing commercialization, China’s urban residents have experienced increasing segregation in both residential spaces and workplaces. Using the sixth census (year 2010) data with detailed geographic information for Shanghai, we document the residential patterns of local residents and migrants and identify the clustered enclaves of migrant workers. The results indicate that rural migrants in Shanghai feature a much higher level of residential clustering than do urban locals and urban migrants, with considerable concentration in the outskirts of the city. In investigating how the neighborhood contexts are associated with individuals’ employment outcomes, we find that migrant enclave residence is associated with positive employment outcomes for rural migrants, suggesting that the strong social networks that exist in these neighborhoods help them secure jobs. This positive social network effect is not shared by urban migrants or urban natives and is most evident among female migrant workers and those who live in locations with relatively low job densities.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07352166.2017.1413286.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322531668_Linking_migrant_enclave_residence_to_employment_in_urban_China_The_case_of_Shanghai